{"ikmk_id":"512","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Kelten (Westen): \u201eMonnaie \u00e0 la croix\u201c","inventory_number":"WG 12","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/sachbegriff\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"http:\/\/www.numid.phil.fau.de\/permalink\/0\/ID512","publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":50,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/50","publisher_name":"Universit\u00e4t Erlangen, Institut f\u00fcr Klassische Arch\u00e4ologie","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-020128","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-020128","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-020128\/ID512","legalBodyWeblink":"http:\/\/www.klassischearchaeologie.phil.fau.de\/edition-des-bestandes-an-muenzen-der-fau-als-datenbank-im-www\/"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"53","owner_name":"Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-29","owner_isil_short":"DE-29","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ub.fau.de","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/53","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/possession_kind\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"792","nominal":"Drachme","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/drachma","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4227911-2","info_de":"Antike (griechische) Nominalbezeichnung.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/nominal\/792"},"date_last":"2022-04-04 06:35:16","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"55","coin_status_name_de":"Stammespr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Tribal issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/tribal_issue","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/muenzstand\/55"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"11","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/land\/11","country_name_de":"Frankreich","country_name_en":"France","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/french_republic","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3017382","ikmk_region_id":"105","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/105","region_name":"","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"293","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/ort\/293","mint_name":"","mint_nomisma_id":"","mint_geoname_id":""}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"15 mm","die_axis":"4 h","weight":"3.54 g","accession":"1916 F. Will","access_year":"1916","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/zugangsart\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":null,"avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"","image_description":"Stilisierter Kopf nach links, die Haare mit Punktgruppen, B\u00f6gen und Punkten verziert.","foto_date":"2018-04-03","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"3","photographer_name":"Chatzopoulou, Chrisoula","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"http:\/\/www.numid.phil.fau.de\/image\/ID512\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"http:\/\/www.numid.phil.fau.de\/image\/ID512\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"http:\/\/www.numid.phil.fau.de\/image\/ID512\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"http:\/\/www.numid.phil.fau.de\/image\/ID512\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1530203815,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek, ID512. Aufnahme durch Chatzopoulou, Chrisoula.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek, ID512. Photographs by Chatzopoulou, Chrisoula."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"Kreuz, in den Winkeln jeweils sichelf\u00f6rmige Objekte, unter einem herzf\u00f6rmiges, nicht ausgef\u00fclltes Objekt.","image_description":"","foto_date":"2018-04-03","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"3","photographer_name":"Chatzopoulou, Chrisoula","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"http:\/\/www.numid.phil.fau.de\/image\/ID512\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"http:\/\/www.numid.phil.fau.de\/image\/ID512\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"http:\/\/www.numid.phil.fau.de\/image\/ID512\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"http:\/\/www.numid.phil.fau.de\/image\/ID512\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1522772055,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek, ID512. Aufnahme durch Chatzopoulou, Chrisoula.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek, ID512. Photographs by Chatzopoulou, Chrisoula."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"43","subdivision_name_de":"Kelten","subdivision_name_en":"Celts"},"literatur":"Zwicker 1, 6 Nr. 12 (dieses St\u00fcck, Volcae Tectosages, Narbo?, ca. 150-50 v. Chr.); J.-C. Ralite - C. Lopez, Les monnaies \u00e0 \u00abla croix\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00e0 la roue\u00bb de la societe archeologique de Montpellier, Revue numismatique OMNI, 11, 2017, 21-22 Nr. 362, 368 (Gruppe aus dem Languedoc oder Typen aus dem Depot von B\u00e9zier, um 200 v. Chr.).","comment":"","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"3","period_name":"Hellenismus","period_description":"","period_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/periode\/3"},"year_start":"-200","year_end":"-200","date_verbal":"um 200 v. Chr.","year_islam":"0","manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/herstellungtyp\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/50","items":{"8138":{"ikmk_person_id":"8138","title":"Dr.","first_name":"Friedrich","last_name":"Will","person_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/11923419X","person_viaf_id":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/72199650","vitalDates":"15.06.1847 - 20.04.1922","person_nomisma_id":null,"person_wikipedia_de_id":null,"person_wikipedia_en_id":null,"corporation":"0","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/8138","year_from":"0","year_until":"1916"}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"1","keyword":"Antike","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068754-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300055818"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"5","keyword":"Hellenismus, 4.-1. Jh. v. Chr.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020101"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"19","keyword":"Westeuropa (ohne D)","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4079215-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/4003761"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"129","timeline_item":"Keltische M\u00fcnzen","description":"Im Hellenismus begannen die Kelten, M\u00fcnzen zu pr\u00e4gen. Zun\u00e4chst ahmten diese M\u00fcnzen noch griechische und r\u00f6mische Vorbilder nach, entfernten sich aber mehr und mehr davon und glichen sich dem Stil der Kelten, dem sogenannten Lat\u00e8nestil, an. Mit der Zeit gab es jedoch auch komplette Neusch\u00f6pfungen der Kelten.\r\n\r\nDer Begriff \u201eDie Kelten\u201c bezeichnet keine einheitliche ethnische Gruppe, sondern eine Vielzahl von St\u00e4mmen, die h\u00e4ufig auch \u201eLat\u00e8nekultur\u201c genannt wird. Die Namen einiger St\u00e4mme und ihre geographische Verortung sind durch r\u00f6mische und griechische Autoren \u00fcberliefert. Da die Kelten selbst keine Schriftkultur besessen haben, ist nicht bekannt, ob die Angaben dieser Autoren allgemeing\u00fcltig sind. Angaben zu einzelnen St\u00e4mmen bei den M\u00fcnzen sind deswegen eher als geographische Einordnung zu verstehen denn als sichere Zuordnung zu einem Stamm. Nur sehr selten sind M\u00fcnzen durch Inschriften einzelnen St\u00e4mmen sicher zuzuweisen.\r\n\r\nWegen der fehlenden Schriftkultur der Kelten ist auch die Datierung der M\u00fcnzen schwierig: \u00dcberlieferungen, wer zu welcher Zeit an welcher St\u00e4tte M\u00fcnzen pr\u00e4gt, fehlen schlicht. Entsprechend werden die keltischen M\u00fcnzen h\u00e4ufig wie andere arch\u00e4ologische Funde \u00fcber die Zusammenh\u00e4nge datiert, in denen sie gefunden wurden. Diese Datierungen erfolgen deswegen h\u00e4ufig nicht in Jahreszahlen, sondern in arch\u00e4ologischen Stufen. Im Fall der Kelten werden diese Stufen als Lat\u00e8ne A bis D bezeichnet.","year_from":"-300","year_until":"50","autor":"Daub, Julia"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}